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The Kingdom of Araucanía and Patagonia ((スペイン語:Reino de la Araucanía y de la Patagonia); (フランス語:Royaume d'Araucanie et de Patagonie), sometimes referred to as ''New France'') was the name of a proposed state and kingdom conceived in the 19th century by a French lawyer and adventurer named Orélie-Antoine de Tounens. Orélie-Antoine de Tounens claimed the regions of Araucanía and eastern Patagonia. It was an unrecognized state that enjoyed only marginal sovereignty in a brief period of time, through alliances with some Mapuche lonkos, in a reduced area of Araucanía, in current Chile. At the time the local indigenous Mapuche population of Araucanía and Patagonia were engaged in a desperate armed struggle to retain their independence in the face of hostile military and economic encroachment by the governments of Chile and Argentina, who coveted the Mapuche lands for economical and political reasons. The successors of Orélie-Antoine all lived in France.〔 ==History== While visiting the region in 1860, Orélie-Antoine came to sympathise with the Mapuche cause, and a group of ''loncos'' (Mapuche tribal leaders) in turn elected him to the position of King —possibly in the belief that their cause might be better served with a European acting on their behalf. Orélie-Antoine then set about establishing a government in his capital of Perquenco, created a blue, white and green flag, and had coins minted for the nation under the name of ''Nouvelle France''. His efforts at securing international recognition for the Mapuche were thwarted by the Chilean and Argentinian governments, who captured, imprisoned and then deported him on several occasions. The supposed founding of the Kingdom of Araucanía and Patagonia led to the approval of the Occupation of Araucanía by Chilean forces. Chilean president José Joaquín Pérez authorized Cornelio Saavedra Rodríguez, commander of the Chilean troops invading Araucanía to capture Orélie-Antoine. He did not receive further punishment because he was deemed to be insane by both Chilean and Argentine authorities and sent to a madhouse in Chile. King Orélie-Antoine I eventually died penniless in France in 1878 after years of fruitless struggle to regain his perceived legitimate authority over his conquered kingdom. Historians Simon Collier and William F. Sater describe the Kingdom of Araucanía as a "curious and semi-comic episode".〔Collier, Simon; Sater, William F.: ''A history of Chile, 1808-2002.'' Cambridge University Press, 2004, ISBN 0-521-82749-3, (p.96 ).〕 The later history of the "kingdom" belongs rather to "the obsessions of bourgeois France than to the politics of South America."〔Chatwin, Bruce: ''In Patagonia.'' Random House, 2012, ISBN 9781448105618, p. 25.〕 A French champagne salesman, Gustave Laviarde, impressed by the story, decided to assume the vacant throne as Aquiles I.〔Minnis, Natalie: ''Chile Insight.'' Langenscheidt Publishing, 2002, ISBN 981-234-890-5, p. 41.〕 He was appointed heir to the throne by Orélie-Antoine.〔Nicholas Shakespeare, ''The Men who would be King'', 1983.〕 The first Araucanian king's present-day successor, Prince Philippe, lived in France until his death in 2014. Philippe, aka Philippe Boiry, is said to have purchased the title.〔Ray, Leslie: ''Language of the land. The Mapuche in Argentina and Chile.'' IWGIA, Copenhagen 2007, ISBN 978-87-91563-37-9, (pp. 61. )〕 He renounced his predecessor's claims to the Kingdom, but he has kept alive the memory of Orélie-Antoine, and lent continued support to the on-going struggle for Mapuche self-determination. He authorised the minting a series of commemorative coins in cupronickel, silver, gold, and palladium since 1988.〔(Modern coins of the Kingdom )〕 When he visited Argentina and Chile once, he was met with hostility by the local media and cold-shouldered by most of the Mapuche organisations.〔Ray, Leslie: ''Language of the land. The Mapuche in Argentina and Chile.'' IWGIA, Copenhagen 2007, ISBN 978-87-91563-37-9, (pp. 61-2. )〕 As of August 2014, Prince Philippe's successor remains contested. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kingdom of Araucanía and Patagonia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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